A1-- x^2-y^2-z^2 |
A1++ A isolated point
x^2+y^2+z^2 |
A2-- x^3-y^2-z^2 |
A2+- x^3+y^2-z^2 |
A3-- x^4-y^2-z^2 |
A3+- x^4+y^2-z^2 |
A4-- x^5-y^2-z^2 |
A4+- x^5+y^2-z^2 |
D4-- x^2 y-y^3-z^2 |
D4+- x^2 y+y^3-z^2 |
D5-- x^2 y-y^4-z^2 |
D5+- x^2 y+y^4-z^2 |
D6-- x^2 y-y^5-z^2 |
D6+- x^2 y+y^5-z^2 |
E6-- x^3-y^4-z^2 |
E6+- x^3+y^4-z^2 |
E7 x^3-x y^3-z^2 |
E8 x^3-y^5-z^2 |
The above is the complete list of 'simple' singularities.
There are many more which are not simple, such as: |
T[3,3,3] x^3+y^3+z^3 +2 x y z |
Not all singularities are isolated. Some surfaces can contain a whole line
of singular points such as: |
Whitney Umberella (cross cap) x^2 z-y^2 |
Swallowtail |